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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Updated: Nov 7, 2025

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
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[COVID-19 and stroke: associated or not ?]

Patrik Michel1, Lorenz Hirt1, Davide Strambo1

  • 1Centre cérébrovasculaire, Service de neurologie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|April 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 virus increases stroke risk by affecting blood vessels and the heart. However, fewer stroke admissions were seen during the pandemic due to behavioral changes and reduced pollution.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 patients exhibit an elevated risk of stroke.
  • A worldwide decrease in stroke admissions occurred during the initial COVID-19 pandemic wave.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts the endothelium and heart, promoting a procoagulant state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the apparent contradiction between increased stroke risk in COVID-19 patients and reduced stroke admissions during the pandemic.
  • To analyze the multifaceted impact of the pandemic on stroke incidence and hospital admissions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19, stroke, and pandemic-related factors.
  • Analysis of physiological effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the cerebrovascular system.

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  • Examination of population behavior and environmental changes during pandemic lockdowns.

    • Main Results:

    • SARS-CoV-2 infection directly increases stroke risk through endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability.
    • Population-level factors, including reduced emergency department contact and lower air pollution, influenced stroke admission rates.
    • Conflicting trends in stroke risk and hospital admissions highlight the complex interplay of direct viral effects and indirect pandemic consequences.

    Conclusions:

    • The pandemic presents a complex scenario regarding stroke, with direct viral risks counterbalanced by indirect population and environmental effects.
    • Understanding these dual impacts is crucial for managing stroke care during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the net effect of the pandemic on stroke epidemiology.