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Pathologies associated with the mandibular third molar impaction.

Zhou-Xi Ye1, Wen-Hao Qian1, Yu-Bo Wu1

  • 1Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shanghai, China.

Science Progress
|April 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Impacted mandibular third molars (M3Ms) are linked to specific pathologies. Vertical impactions cause pericoronitis, while mesio-angular and horizontal impactions increase risks for caries and periodontal issues in adjacent teeth.

Keywords:
Mandibular third molarcariespericoronitisperiodontal pathology

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Oral Surgery
  • Dental Pathology

Background:

  • Impacted mandibular third molars (M3Ms) are common and can lead to various oral pathologies.
  • Understanding the relationship between M3M impaction patterns and associated pathologies is crucial for effective clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between different impaction patterns of mandibular third molars (M3Ms) and the pathologies they cause.
  • To evaluate the outcomes of mandibular second molars (M2Ms) following M3M pathologies and interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 262 patients with 432 impacted M3Ms was conducted.
  • Impaction patterns and pathologies (pericoronitis, M2M caries, M2M distal periodontal pathology) were examined.
  • Statistical analysis using the χ² test was performed (p < 0.05 significance).

Main Results:

  • Pericoronitis was the most frequent pathology observed.
  • The incidence of M2M distal caries and periodontal pathologies increased with patient age.
  • Soft tissue impacted and vertically angulated M3Ms were significantly associated with pericoronitis (p < 0.05).
  • Mesio-angular impacted M3Ms in shallower positions correlated with increased M2M distal caries risk (p < 0.05).
  • Mesio-angular and horizontal impacted M3Ms in deeper positions were more likely to cause M2M distal periodontal pathologies (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Specific M3M impaction patterns are significantly associated with distinct pathologies.
  • Surgical intervention for soft tissue impacted, vertically angulated M3Ms is recommended.
  • Delayed extraction may be considered for mesially/horizontally angulated or bony impacted M3Ms, particularly if asymptomatic.