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Newborn hearing screening in infants at risk of hearing loss: diagnostic outcomes, false-negative results, and the role of surveillance.

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Updated: Nov 7, 2025

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[Episodic vestibular syndrome].

Casper Grønlund1, Maurice Antoine Lembeck, Louise Devantier

  • 1CasperGroenlund@hotmail.com.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|April 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS) presents as recurrent dizziness or vertigo. This review categorizes EVS causes into spontaneous and triggered types, aiding differential diagnosis in clinical practice.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Primary Care Medicine

Background:

  • Dizziness and vertigo are common presenting symptoms in primary care and emergency settings.
  • Episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS) is characterized by intermittent episodes of dizziness, vertigo, or postural imbalance with symptom-free intervals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize the causes of episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS).
  • To propose a framework using vestibular syndromes to streamline differential diagnoses for patients presenting with dizziness and vertigo.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of causes for spontaneous EVS (s-EVS) and triggered EVS (t-EVS).
  • Classification of conditions based on episodic presentation and triggers.

Main Results:

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  • Spontaneous EVS (s-EVS) causes include vestibular migraine, Menière's disease, transient ischemic attack, and vestibular paroxysmia.
  • Triggered EVS (t-EVS) causes include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, orthostatic hypotension, and panic attacks.

Conclusions:

  • Categorizing EVS into spontaneous and triggered forms simplifies the diagnostic process.
  • Adopting a vestibular syndrome approach can reduce the complexity of differential diagnoses for episodic dizziness and vertigo.