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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
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Non-coding RNAs in cancer-associated cachexia: clinical implications and future perspectives.

Anastasia Kottorou1, Foteinos-Ioannis Dimitrakopoulos1, Aspasia Tsezou2

  • 1Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.

Translational Oncology
|April 29, 2021
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Summary

Cancer cachexia involves muscle loss due to inflammation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs are key players in its development and may offer new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
CachexiaCancerCirculating RNAslncRNAsmiRNAsncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cachexia is a complex syndrome of muscle loss, often seen in cancer patients, driven by inflammation and metabolic changes.
  • It impacts nearly 50% of cancer patients, significantly affecting their quality of life and treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical significance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer-associated cachexia.
  • To explore the role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis and systemic inflammation of cancer cachexia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent findings in cancer cachexia research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in animal models and human patients.

Main Results:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are implicated in regulating pathways crucial to cancer cachexia.
  • Circulating and exosomal ncRNAs play a role in sustaining systemic inflammation in cancer and cachexia.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs in cancer cachexia is vital for identifying novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
  • ncRNAs represent a promising area for future research and clinical intervention in managing cancer cachexia.