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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs
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Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs

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Towards Customized Footwear with Improved Comfort.

Rafaela Teixeira1, Carlos Coelho2, João Oliveira1

  • 1IPC-Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Custom 3D printed shoe inserts enhance comfort by targeting heel pressure zones. While user preferences varied, the developed methodology effectively supports personalized footwear solutions.

Keywords:
3D printingFused Filament Fabricationbiomechanical customizationcellular structuregraded propertiesshoe comfort

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • Foot comfort is crucial for overall well-being and mobility.
  • Conventional footwear often fails to meet individual comfort needs, particularly in pressure distribution.
  • 3D printing offers potential for creating customized footwear components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and assess a methodology for customizing shoes using 3D printed graded density inserts for improved comfort.
  • To develop a semi-automated routine for designing these 3D inserts.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and user-perceived comfort of prototype slippers with these inserts.

Main Methods:

  • A semi-automated design routine involving mesh density definition, 2D component generation, and 3D component creation was developed.
  • 3D printed graded density inserts were fabricated and integrated into the heel region of conventional insoles.
  • Compression tests were conducted on uniform mesh density samples to assess insert adequacy.
  • Mechanical characterization and qualitative user comfort assessments were performed on prototype slippers.

Main Results:

  • Compression tests validated the mesh densities used in the 3D printed inserts.
  • Prototype slippers with custom inserts were mechanically characterized.
  • A panel of users qualitatively assessed the comfort of the prototype slippers.
  • All users found certain prototype slippers more comfortable than the original ones, though preferences were not unanimous.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed methodology is useful for achieving shoe customization for comfort improvement.
  • Individual comfort preferences highlight the need for personalized footwear solutions.
  • 3D printed graded density inserts represent a viable approach to enhancing shoe comfort.