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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
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Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

Distance Measurements by Taping

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Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

Types of Global Positioning System Surveys

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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Field Application of Global Positioning System01:28

Field Application of Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

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To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
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Modelling and Experimental Assessment of Inter-Personal Distancing Based on Shared GNSS Observables.

Alex Minetto1, Andrea Nardin1, Fabio Dovis1

  • 1Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy.

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Summary

This study introduces Inter-Agent Ranging (IAR), a novel method for measuring distances between users via smart devices. IAR supports social distancing and contact tracing without revealing precise locations, enhancing public health strategies.

Keywords:
Global Navigation Satellite Systemcollaborative measurementscollaborative positioningdistance estimationmobile devicessocial distancing

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Area of Science:

  • Technology and Public Health
  • Mobile Computing
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in contact tracing and monitoring citizen mobility and social distancing.
  • Effective decision-making and infection chain tracking rely on understanding population movement and proximity.
  • Signal processing algorithms for short-to-medium range distance estimation are crucial for developing behavioral models during health emergencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and experimentally assess a model for Inter-Agent Ranging (IAR).
  • To introduce a collaborative social distancing technique leveraging smart device capabilities.
  • To protect user privacy by avoiding the disclosure of specific locations while providing distance information.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the synergy between mobile network connectivity and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) on smart devices.
  • Implementing cooperative ranging approaches through the exchange of navigation data among users.
  • Developing and validating a statistical error model through simulations and real-world experiments.

Main Results:

  • The Inter-Agent Ranging (IAR) model was experimentally assessed, demonstrating its capability for collaborative distancing.
  • The technique provides inter-personal distance measurements in outdoor environments.
  • Statistical error modeling was validated, supporting implementation in GNSS-equipped mobile devices.
  • IAR achieved comparable accuracy and precision to existing GNSS-based techniques with lower complexity.

Conclusions:

  • IAR offers a privacy-preserving method for measuring inter-personal distances using smart devices.
  • The technique is suitable for implementing collaborative social distancing and contact tracing strategies.
  • IAR presents a computationally efficient and effective alternative to traditional GNSS-based distance estimation methods.