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Resistivity

Resistivity

When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:

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Electrodes: Overview

Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
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Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
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Electrical Conductivity

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions

Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions

Published on: February 5, 2016

An Embedded-Sensor Approach for Concrete Resistivity Measurement in On-Site Corrosion Monitoring: Cell Constants

Jose Enrique Ramón¹, Isabel Martínez¹, José Manuel Gandía-Romero²

¹Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja, CSIC, C/Serrano Galvache No.4, 28033 Madrid, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 30, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a method to determine concrete electrical resistivity using electrical resistance measurements from a novel corrosion sensor. This allows for simultaneous monitoring of resistivity and corrosion rate in structural health monitoring.

Keywords:

durability non-destructive technique reinforced concrete resistivity sensor steel corrosion structure health monitoring

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Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions

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Published on: February 5, 2016

Experimental Protocol to Determine the Chloride Threshold Value for Corrosion in Samples Taken from Reinforced Concrete Structures

Experimental Protocol to Determine the Chloride Threshold Value for Corrosion in Samples Taken from Reinforced Concrete Structures

Published on: August 31, 2017

Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media

Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media

Published on: November 3, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Civil Engineering
Electrochemistry

Background:

Concrete electrical resistivity is crucial for structural health monitoring and diagnosing reinforcement corrosion.
Existing methods for resistivity measurement can be complex and sensor-specific.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple and reliable method for determining concrete electrical resistivity from electrical resistance measurements.
To create a versatile sensor cell constant applicable across different sensor implementations.
To enable simultaneous monitoring of resistivity and corrosion rate using a single embedded sensor.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel corrosion sensor integrated into the Integrated Network of Sensors for Smart Corrosion Monitoring (INESSCOM).
Proposed a simple expression to determine resistivity from concrete electrical resistance (R_E).
Investigated key geometrical features of the sensor in calibration solutions to ensure universal cell constant validity.
Adapted potential step voltammetry (PSV) by adding a short potentiostatic pulse for R_E measurement.

Main Results:

A simple expression was derived to reliably calculate concrete resistivity from R_E.
The derived cell constants are valid for various sensor implementation scenarios.
A protocol was established to determine resistivity from PSV measurements, alongside corrosion rate.
The embedded-sensor approach facilitates simultaneous monitoring of resistivity and corrosion rate.

Conclusions:

The proposed method offers a reliable and simple approach to determine concrete electrical resistivity.
The universal cell constant and embedded-sensor design enhance the applicability of resistivity monitoring.
Simultaneous monitoring of resistivity and corrosion rate is achievable with a single sensor, improving structural health monitoring efficiency.