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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device

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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Selected Data About Geographic Locations01:25

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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Mechanical Systems01:22

Mechanical Systems

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Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically...
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GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data01:23

GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data

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A Geographic Information System (GIS) combines specialized software and hardware to effectively manage, analyze, and present spatial and related data. GIS software includes critical functionalities such as a user interface for easy navigation, database management tools for handling spatial and attribute data, and data retrieval features for efficient access. Analytical tools transform raw data into insights, while display functions produce maps and reports in various formats for effective...
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Robotic Sensing and Systems for Smart Cities.

Hyun Myung1, Yang Wang2,3

  • 1Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea.

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Smart city sensors and sensing systems are crucial for modern infrastructure. This research reviews advancements in sensor technology for enhanced urban environments and civil engineering applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Decades of research have focused on developing sensors and sensing systems for smart cities and civil infrastructure.
  • These systems are integral to monitoring structural health, environmental conditions, and operational efficiency in urban settings.

Discussion:

  • The integration of advanced sensor networks enables real-time data acquisition for intelligent infrastructure management.
  • Challenges include data processing, system reliability, and interoperability across diverse platforms.

Key Insights:

  • Novel sensing technologies offer improved accuracy and broader applicability in civil infrastructure monitoring.
  • The evolution of sensing systems supports the development of more resilient and sustainable smart cities.

Outlook:

  • Future research will likely focus on artificial intelligence-driven analytics for predictive maintenance and optimized urban planning.
  • Continued innovation in sensor materials and wireless communication will further enhance smart city capabilities.