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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
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Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
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Viral Infection Modulates Mitochondrial Function.

Xiaowen Li1,2,3, Keke Wu1,2,3, Sen Zeng1,2,3

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria are vital for cell life and immunity. Viral infections disrupt mitochondrial function, impacting disease and host defense mechanisms, highlighting their crucial role in host-virus interactions.

Keywords:
apoptosishost innate immunitymitochondrial fission and fusionvirus infection

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are central to eukaryotic cell metabolism and programmed cell death.
  • Mitochondria play a critical role in host innate immunity against viral infections.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize how viral infections alter mitochondrial morphology and function.
  • To elucidate the role of mitochondria in host-pathogen interactions during viral infections.
  • To explain viral strategies for evading host immune responses via mitochondrial manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on viral pathogenesis and mitochondrial biology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating changes in mitochondrial dynamics, cell death, and metabolism during viral infections.
  • Examination of the interplay between mitochondrial antiviral functions and viral immune evasion tactics.

Main Results:

  • Viral infections significantly alter mitochondrial dynamics, induce cell death, and modify metabolic states.
  • Mitochondria exhibit both pro- and anti-viral roles, influencing disease progression.
  • Viruses manipulate mitochondrial functions to ensure their survival and replication within host cells.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are key players in the host-virus interplay, affecting pathogenesis and immune responses.
  • Understanding mitochondrial alterations during viral infection is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.
  • Mitochondria's dual role in immunity and susceptibility underscores their importance in infectious diseases.