Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

3.5K
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division...
3.5K
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

5.5K
Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
5.5K
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

43.0K
Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
43.0K
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

199.6K
Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
199.6K
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

151.4K
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
151.4K
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

79.0K
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
79.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Towards the construction of a virtual yeast.

Nature·2026
Same author

Microstructural Properties and Pressure Distribution in Ultra-Short-Pulse Welds of Sapphire to Iron.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

The genetics of the many forms of diversity.

Genetics·2026
Same author

Population-scale chemical response revealed by a barcoded yeast collection.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The 2025 Westlake Autumn Symposium for Al Proteomics and Virtual Cell.

Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics·2026
Same author

Domestication drives repeated evolution of sexual-asexual life cycle trade-offs in yeast.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Somatic mobility of transposons is explosive and shaped by distinct integration biases in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Genome biology·2026
Same journal

UK Biobank whole-genome sequencing reveals robust contributions of rare variants to complex-trait heritability.

Genome biology·2026
Same journal

A one-week automated genome-wide optical pooled screen using OttoSeq.

Genome biology·2026
Same journal

Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic profiling of the host response in human malaria.

Genome biology·2026
Same journal

Centromeric satellite expansion drives genome evolution in the snowy owl.

Genome biology·2026
Same journal

Mapping the landscape of allele-specific expression in porcine genomes.

Genome biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
07:59

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.6K

nPhase: an accurate and contiguous phasing method for polyploids.

Omar Abou Saada1, Andreas Tsouris1, Chris Eberlein1

  • 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR, 7156, Strasbourg, France.

Genome Biology
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

nPhase accurately phases polyploid genomes using long and short reads, overcoming limitations of existing methods. This tool enables precise haplotype predictions for complex polyploid genomes in population and hybrid studies.

Keywords:
HaplotypeLong-read sequencingPhasingPipelinePolyploid

More Related Videos

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

11.2K
Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination
09:26

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination

Published on: July 18, 2025

586

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
07:59

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.6K
Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

11.2K
Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination
09:26

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination

Published on: July 18, 2025

586

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Polyploid genomes remain challenging to fully characterize due to limitations in current phasing methods.
  • Existing tools struggle to provide accurate and contiguous haplotype predictions for polyploid samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, ploidy-agnostic tool for accurate polyploid genome phasing.
  • To address the need for precise haplotype resolution in polyploid organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Developed nPhase, a bioinformatics tool leveraging both long and accurate short sequencing reads.
  • nPhase employs alignment-based phasing strategies for samples with unspecified ploidy levels.

Main Results:

  • nPhase demonstrated over 95% accuracy in validated tests on simulated and real polyploid data.
  • The tool achieved contiguous haplotig assembly, covering over 90% of chromosomes with high heterozygosity rates (≥0.5%).

Conclusions:

  • nPhase provides a robust solution for accurate and contiguous polyploid genome phasing.
  • The tool facilitates advanced population genomics and hybrid studies in polyploid species.