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Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Synchronized resistive-pulse analysis with flow visualization for single micro- and nanoscale objects driven by

Kichitaro Nakajima¹, Ryoji Nakatsuka¹, Tetsuro Tsuji²

¹Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.

Scientific Reports

|April 30, 2021

Summary

This study introduces periodic resistive-pulse analysis with an optical vortex to improve micro- and nanoscale object identification. This method enhances waveform acquisition and signal-to-noise ratio for accurate particle characterization.

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Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Analytical Chemistry
Biophysics

Background:

Resistive-pulse analysis identifies micro/nanoscale objects but struggles with low-concentration samples due to rare pulse responses.
Obtaining sufficient waveforms for clear target characterization and noise reduction is challenging for dilute specimens.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a periodic resistive-pulse analysis method using an optical vortex and double orifice for enhanced micro/nanoscale object identification.
To improve waveform acquisition rates and signal-to-noise ratio for rare particle events.

Main Methods:

Implemented periodic resistive-pulse analysis with an optical vortex and a double orifice to repetitively sense micro/nanoscale particles (700 nm to 2 µm).
Utilized a transparent fluidic device for synchronous waveform averaging, guided by microscopic observation of translocation events.
Combined signal measurements with high-speed flow visualization to analyze fluid flow effects on pulse amplitude.

Main Results:

Achieved accumulation of sufficient waveforms in a short period due to the periodic motion of particles.
Successfully distinguished single particle diameters by analyzing acquired ionic-current drops.
Quantitatively discussed the impact of complex fluid flow within orifices on resistive pulse amplitude.

Conclusions:

The synchronized resistive-pulse analysis, enhanced by optical vortex and flow visualization, significantly improves particle identification accuracy.
This refined method boosts the pulse-acquisition rate for specific particles, leading to better micro- and nanoscale object characterization.