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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
25.7K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

15.3K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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One-Dimensional Superlattice Heterostructure Library.

Yi Li1, Chong Zhang1, Tao-Tao Zhuang1

  • 1Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to precisely synthesize axial superlattice nanowires (ASLNWs). This breakthrough enables enhanced solar energy conversion and photocatalytic hydrogen production, paving the way for advanced optoelectronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Axial superlattice nanowires (ASLNWs) offer potential for optoelectronics and solar-to-fuel conversion due to their tunable properties.
  • High-precision synthesis of ASLNWs with controlled compositions and structures is crucial but challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general and high-precision synthesis methodology for ASLNWs.
  • To create a library of ASLNWs with programmable compositions, dimensions, crystal phases, interfaces, and periodicity.
  • To demonstrate the enhanced performance of these ASLNWs in solar energy applications.

Main Methods:

  • An axial encoding methodology using a predesigned, editable nanoparticle framework was employed.
  • Chemical decoupling of adjacent sub-objects within ASLNWs allowed for controlled synthesis.
  • Integration of plasmonic, metallic, and near-infrared-active chalcogenide components into ASLNWs.

Main Results:

  • A library of distinct ASLNWs with precise control over structural and compositional parameters was successfully synthesized.
  • ASLNWs incorporating plasmonic, metallic, or chalcogenide components were fabricated.
  • Optimized ASLNWs demonstrated order-of-magnitude enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production rates compared to individual components.

Conclusions:

  • The developed axial encoding methodology provides precise control over ASLNW synthesis.
  • This advancement significantly boosts performance in solar energy conversion applications, particularly photocatalytic hydrogen production.
  • The synthesized ASLNWs hold promise for new phenomena and advanced optoelectronic devices.