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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

585
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
585
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

68
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
68
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
646
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

71
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
71
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

907
Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
907
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

71
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
71

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Loop Diuretics in Infants with Heart Failure.

Snigdha Bhatia1, Mohammed Q Mehdi1, Sunil K Jain1,2

  • 1Departments of *Pediatrics and.

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|May 1, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery are significant, yet heart failure (HF) management in infants remains understudied. Expanding knowledge on preventing, detecting, and treating pediatric HF is critical.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Heart Failure Management

Background:

  • Surgical management of congenital heart disease (CHD) has advanced significantly over the past 50 years.
  • Infants with clinically significant CHD are at high risk for developing heart failure (HF).
  • While adult HF management is well-established and evidence-based, data for pediatric HF, particularly in infants, is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for expanded research and understanding of heart failure (HF) in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • To underscore the importance of developing evidence-based guidelines for HF management in the pediatric population.
  • To identify upcoming areas of interest concerning medical and interventional approaches for HF secondary to CHD in infants.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review and perspective piece, not an original research study.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on CHD and HF in the pediatric population.
  • It identifies gaps in the literature regarding infant HF management.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in CHD surgical interventions.
  • There is a substantial knowledge gap in the management of heart failure (HF) in infants with CHD.
  • The indications and implications of various treatments for HF secondary to CHD in infants require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • There is an urgent need to expand the ability to prevent, detect, and manage heart failure (HF) in the pediatric population, especially in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • Further research into pediatric HF management is essential to improve outcomes for affected infants.
  • Developing specific guidelines for HF in infants with CHD is a critical future direction.