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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

187
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
187
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

217
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
217
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

71
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
71
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

122
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
122
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

1.8K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
1.8K
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

2.1K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
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Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs

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Iron deficiency in heart failure.

Goran Loncar1,2, Danilo Obradovic3, Holger Thiele3

  • 1Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases 'Dedinje', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

ESC Heart Failure
|May 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Iron deficiency affects 50% of heart failure patients, worsening outcomes. Intravenous iron improves well-being and physical function, but remains underdiagnosed and undertreated despite guidelines.

Keywords:
Exercise capacityFerric carboxymaltoseHeart failureIron deficiencyQuality of life

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Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
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Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hematology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Iron deficiency is a common comorbidity in heart failure patients, impacting approximately 50% regardless of left ventricular function.
  • This deficiency independently contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in heart failure, separate from anemia.
  • Despite its prevalence and impact, iron deficiency in heart failure is often underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of iron deficiency in heart failure.
  • To explore the association between iron deficiency and heart failure progression and outcomes.
  • To provide an overview of current guideline-recommended treatment strategies for iron deficiency in heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical trials and guidelines concerning iron deficiency in heart failure.
  • Analysis of the impact of iron deficiency on heart failure symptoms and prognosis.
  • Synthesis of data on the efficacy of parenteral iron supplementation.

Main Results:

  • Parenteral iron supplementation, particularly ferric carboxymaltose, has demonstrated superior clinical benefits over oral iron.
  • Intravenous iron improves New York Heart Association functional class, 6-minute walk test, peak oxygen consumption, and quality of life.
  • Ongoing trials are investigating the definitive impact of iron deficiency treatment on heart failure morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Iron deficiency is a significant, often overlooked, factor in heart failure management.
  • Intravenous iron supplementation is a recommended therapy for improving patient outcomes in heart failure.
  • Improved diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency are crucial for optimizing heart failure care.