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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Published on: January 22, 2021

Abrogating biologics interference in flow cytometric crossmatching.

Brian J Franz¹, Rosanne Petraroia¹, Cynthia D Faust¹

¹Histocompatibility Laboratory, McLendon Clinical Laboratories, UNC Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Human Immunology

|May 3, 2021

Summary

Anti-idiotype blocking antibodies effectively prevent false positive flow crossmatch results caused by biologic therapies like Rituximab and Alemtuzumab. This validation ensures accurate donor-recipient histocompatibility assessment in transplant evaluations.

Keywords:

Alemtuzumab Biologic Flow cytometric crossmatch Neutralization Rituximab

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Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

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Discrimination of Seven Immune Cell Subsets by Two-fluorochrome Flow Cytometry

Discrimination of Seven Immune Cell Subsets by Two-fluorochrome Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Transplantation immunology
Clinical diagnostics
Immunosuppressive therapy

Background:

Flow cytometric crossmatch is the standard for donor-recipient compatibility.
Limitations include false positives from non-HLA antibodies and biologics.
False positives can lead to organ rejection or unnecessary treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

Validate anti-idiotype blocking antibodies to prevent false positive crossmatches.
Address interference from biologic therapies like Rituximab and Alemtuzumab.
Improve accuracy in histocompatibility testing.

Main Methods:

Developed blocking antibodies targeting the Fab portion of Rituximab and Alemtuzumab.
Incubated blocking antibodies with patient serum containing biologics before crossmatching.
Validated the method using flow cytometry.

Main Results:

Successfully negated false positive crossmatch results for Rituximab and Alemtuzumab.
Achieved significant reductions in positive signals (e.g., -97% for B cells with Rituximab).
Demonstrated efficacy in simultaneous blocking of both biologics.

Conclusions:

Anti-idiotype blocking antibodies are effective in preventing biologic-related false positives in flow crossmatches.
This method enhances the reliability of histocompatibility testing.
Clinical application can prevent inappropriate organ offers or treatments.