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Changes in job strain in relation to changes in physiological state. A longitudinal study.

T Theorell1, A Perski, T Akerstedt

  • 1National Institute for Psychosocial Factors and Health, Stockholm, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
|June 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Job strain significantly impacts health. Increased job strain correlates with higher systolic blood pressure, sleep disturbances, and hormonal changes in men, particularly those with a history of depression or hypertension.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Psychophysiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Job strain, defined as the ratio of psychological demands to decision latitude, exhibits significant spontaneous variation in diverse occupations.
  • Previous research indicates a link between occupational stress and adverse health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal impact of spontaneous variations in job strain on physiological and psychological health markers.
  • To explore potential moderating effects of depressive tendencies and family history of hypertension on these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 73 participants across six occupations, with data collected four times over one year.
  • Job strain assessed via self-reported demands and decision latitude.

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  • Measured systolic blood pressure, sleep disturbance, plasma prolactin, and morning cortisol levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Substantial spontaneous variations in job strain (average 25% difference between highest and lowest levels) were observed.
    • Increased job strain correlated with elevated systolic blood pressure and self-reported sleep disturbance.
    • In men with depressive tendencies, job strain elevation was linked to increased morning plasma prolactin.
    • Subjects with a family history of hypertension showed a pronounced increase in systolic blood pressure under high job strain; men in this group also exhibited lower morning cortisol levels during high strain periods.

    Conclusions:

    • Job strain is a dynamic factor with significant physiological and hormonal consequences.
    • Individual predispositions, such as depressive tendencies and family history of hypertension, can exacerbate the health risks associated with job strain.
    • Findings highlight the importance of managing occupational stressors to mitigate adverse health effects.