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Related Concept Videos

Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

8.1K
An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Leveling Effect01:29

Leveling Effect

1.1K
In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
1.1K
Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

8.9K
This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
8.9K
Extraction: Effects of pH00:53

Extraction: Effects of pH

879
Consider a neutral form of an amine, B, with a partition coefficient, K, in a liquid mixture containing organic and aqueous phases. The pH of the aqueous phase affects the charge on acidic and basic solutes, and the charged form is usually more soluble in the aqueous phase. Suppose the conjugate acid form of the amine is soluble only in the aqueous phase while the base form is soluble in both phases. Then the distribution coefficient, D, can be given as the ratio of amine concentration in the...
879
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

55.2K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
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Synthesizing a Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Supercapacitors, Assembling a Supercapacitor Using a Coin Cell, and Measuring Gel Electrolyte Performance
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Regulating Solvent Molecule Coordination with KPF6 for Superstable Graphite Potassium Anodes.

Mingyuan Gu1, Ling Fan1, Jiang Zhou2

  • 1School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.

ACS Nano
|May 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

High-temperature precycling improves graphite anodes for potassium ion batteries (PIBs). This method enhances cycling stability and capacity retention, paving the way for practical PIB applications.

Keywords:
SEIanodeelectrolytegraphitepotassium ion batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Graphite is a promising anode material for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to its cost-effectiveness and high energy density.
  • Severe capacity fade in graphite anodes using traditional KPF6-based electrolytes limits their practical use in PIBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the cycling stability of graphite anodes in potassium ion batteries.
  • To investigate the role of electrolyte solvent coordination and passivation layer formation in improving anode performance.

Main Methods:

  • A high-temperature precycling step was employed to regulate solvent-KPF6 coordination in the electrolyte.
  • Electrochemical performance of graphite anodes was evaluated under various cycling conditions.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study electrolyte solvation chemistry.

Main Results:

  • High-temperature precycling significantly improved the cycling stability of graphite anodes.
  • A stable, organic-rich passivation layer formed on the graphite anode surface.
  • PIBs demonstrated over 500 cycles at 50 mA g-1 with 220 mAh g-1 reversible capacity and >99% Coulombic efficiency.
  • Full batteries with Prussian blue cathodes and precycled graphite anodes showed excellent performance.

Conclusions:

  • Regulating solvent coordination via high-temperature precycling effectively stabilizes graphite anodes in PIBs.
  • The formation of a robust passivation layer is crucial for long-term cycling stability.
  • This strategy offers a viable pathway for the practical application of graphite anodes in high-performance PIBs.