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Multiple myeloma: infectious complications.

K B Doughney1, D M Williams, R L Penn

  • 1Hematology Unit, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester, NY.

Southern Medical Journal
|July 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Infections are common in multiple myeloma patients, with gram-negative bacteria, often from catheterization, being the most frequent. This study highlights the increased risk of infections associated with medical procedures in these individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy associated with immune dysfunction.
  • Patients with multiple myeloma are susceptible to various infections.
  • Understanding infection patterns is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review a decade of experience in treating multiple myeloma patients.
  • To identify the types and sources of infectious episodes in this cohort.
  • To assess the role of instrumentation in infection development.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 60 multiple myeloma patients treated over ten years.
  • Analysis of infectious episodes, pathogens, and potential risk factors.
  • Categorization of infections based on site and causative organism.

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Main Results:

  • Infectious episodes occurred in 33 out of 60 patients.
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the most frequent, predominantly caused by gram-negative organisms.
  • Most gram-negative UTIs were associated with urinary catheterization.
  • Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae was infrequent.
  • Gram-negative bacilli emerged as the predominant pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Gram-negative bacilli are the leading infectious agents in multiple myeloma patients.
  • Urinary tract infections, particularly those linked to catheterization, represent a significant risk.
  • Minimizing instrumentation and implementing infection control measures are vital for this patient population.