Evidence for nonlinear reflections in shock-containing noise near high-performance military aircraft

Skewness values for the pressure time derivative are greater at ground-based measurements near a tactical aircraft than they are at nearby off-ground locations. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is the occurrence of nonlinear, irregular shock reflections at the ground. Propagation angle, source location, and corresponding angle of incidence relative to the ground are estimated using a two-point cross correlation of windowed shock events. Nonlinear reflections are likely to occur based on the combination of angles of incidence and measured shock strengths and cause a pressure increase at the shock that is greater than twice the free-field pressure. The associated pressure increase at the shocks appears to enhance shock-related metrics at the ground compared to off-ground locations.