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Updated: Nov 7, 2025

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Underwater ultra-low frequency seismic source.

Andrey K Morozov1

  • 1Teledyne Marine, North Falmouth, Massachusetts 02556, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|May 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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A novel underwater seismic source generates ultra-low frequency sound (2-8 Hz) essential for geophysical full waveform inversion. This powerful, pneumatically driven bubble resonator achieves high source levels for advanced seismic surveys.

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Acoustics
  • Ocean Engineering

Background:

  • Ultra-low frequency (2-8 Hz) sound is crucial for geophysical methods like full waveform inversion.
  • Generating powerful ultra-low frequency sound underwater presents significant engineering challenges.
  • Existing sources struggle to achieve the necessary volume displacement and radiation area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a novel, powerful underwater seismic source capable of generating ultra-low frequency sound.
  • To investigate the acoustic physics and hydrodynamics of a large underwater bubble resonator.
  • To evaluate the source's performance for geophysical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Design and construction of a pneumatically driven bubble resonator with an internal Helmholtz resonator.

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  • Finite element analysis of near-field hydrodynamics and acoustic-gravitational effects.
  • Experimental testing and source level measurements at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed seismic bubble source demonstrates a larger volume displacement and radiation area than previous prototypes.
    • Acoustic-gravitational effects and transition losses were analyzed.
    • The prototype achieved a source level sufficient for geophysical full waveform inversion.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel ultra-low frequency seismic source is effective for geophysical surveys.
    • The design overcomes limitations of existing ultra-low frequency sound generation methods.
    • The technology advances capabilities in underwater acoustic research and geophysical exploration.