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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

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Deep-tissue localization of magnetic field hyperthermia using pulse sequencing.

Felista L Tansi¹, Wisdom O Maduabuchi¹, Melanie Hirsch¹

¹Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Experimental Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.

International Journal of Hyperthermia : the Official Journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group

|May 4, 2021

Summary

Pulse sequencing in magnetic field hyperthermia (MFH) improves tumor growth inhibition and reduces systemic impact compared to continuous MFH. This pulsed approach enhances thermal dose localization and lowers energy expenditure for cancer treatment.

Keywords:

Pulse magnetic hyperthermia intermittent hyperthermia pulsatile heating temperature oscillations thermoablation

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Published on: January 13, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Biophysics
Medical Physics

Background:

Deep-tissue thermal dose localization is a significant challenge in magnetic field hyperthermia (MFH) clinical applications.
Current MFH methods face limitations in precise thermal dose delivery, impacting treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.
Optimizing MFH protocols is crucial for enhancing therapeutic benefits and minimizing systemic side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of pulsed magnetic field hyperthermia (MFH) compared to continuous MFH.
To assess the impact of pulsed MFH on tumor growth inhibition and systemic effects in an orthotopic murine model.
To evaluate the thermal dose localization and energy expenditure associated with pulsed MFH.

Main Methods:

Utilized an orthotopic murine model of pancreatic PANC-1 cancer for in vivo studies.
Administered MFH in conjunction with systemic chemotherapy (gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel).
Employed in silico thermal modeling to complement experimental findings.

Main Results:

Pulsed MFH resulted in significantly reduced tumor volumes (53% of initial) compared to continuous MFH (136%) and controls (337%) after 27 days.
Pulsed MFH caused approximately 50% less core-temperature increase and a lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (1.7 vs. 3.2), indicating reduced systemic impact.
Demonstrated improved thermal dose localization and lower overall energy expenditure with pulsed MFH.

Conclusions:

Pulse sequencing in MFH offers a more persistent inhibition of tumor growth with reduced systemic toxicity.
Pulsed MFH validates improved thermal dose localization and greater energy efficiency.
Findings support the clinical translation of pulsed MFH for enhanced cancer therapy.