Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

5.4K
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall....
5.4K
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

2.8K
Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a...
2.8K
Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

1.6K
Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
1.6K
Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors01:13

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

1.2K
Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...
1.2K
Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

977
In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
977
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

929
In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
929

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Asymmetric temperature responses to soil moisture drought legacies under anthropogenic forcing.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

A self-powered microsystem with efficient power management for continuous wireless sensing.

Microsystems & nanoengineering·2026
Same author

Wide field of view multifunctional solar sensor for photovoltaic power management via measurement of solar angle and intensity.

Microsystems & nanoengineering·2026
Same author

Sappanchalcone suppresses NSCLC by oxidative stress-driven DNA damage and ER stress activation through PIEZO1 modulation.

iScience·2025
Same author

Monolithic integration of Knudsen pumps to form a complete, self-sufficient fluidic system for microscale gas chromatography.

Microsystems & nanoengineering·2025
Same author

Salvage use of the left hemicolon as colonic interposition for esophageal replacement: a case report.

Gastroenterology report·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
11:44

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 6, 2016

9.5K

Progressive Cellular Architecture in Microscale Gas Chromatography for Broad Chemical Analyses.

Weilin Liao1,2, Xiangyu Zhao1,2, Hsueh-Tsung Lu1,3

  • 1Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new progressive cellular architecture (PCA) for microfabricated gas chromatography systems enhances analyte identification and quantification. This innovative design improves speed, efficiency, and extends system lifetime for volatile organic compound analysis.

Keywords:
microvalvephosphonate estersamplingvaporvolatile organic compound

More Related Videos

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

5.2K
Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection
08:37

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Published on: December 10, 2015

19.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
11:44

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 6, 2016

9.5K
Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

5.2K
Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection
08:37

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Published on: December 10, 2015

19.5K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Gas chromatography (GC) is a cornerstone technique for identifying and quantifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • Existing GC systems face limitations in range, speed, and energy efficiency.
  • Microfabrication offers potential for miniaturized and improved GC systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel cellular architecture for microfabricated gas chromatography systems.
  • To enhance the range, speed, and efficiency of VOC analysis.
  • To develop a progressive cellular architecture (PCA) for improved GC performance.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a progressive cellular architecture (PCA) with cells arranged by retentiveness.
  • Each cell integrates a preconcentrator and separation column on a single chip.
  • Fabrication of a three-cell subsystem (PCA3mv) with microfabricated valves and components.
  • Testing with a flame ionization detector using diverse polar and nonpolar analytes.

Main Results:

  • The PCA system demonstrated effective separation of analytes over a wide molecular weight (32-212 g/mol) and vapor pressure range (0.005-231 mmHg).
  • Separations were achieved rapidly (12 min) at moderate column temperatures (63-68 °C).
  • Achieved separation resolutions greater than 2 for adjacent homologues, indicating high efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • The progressive cellular architecture (PCA) offers a significant advancement in microfabricated gas chromatography.
  • This approach enhances analytical performance while improving energy efficiency and system longevity.
  • The PCA design shows promise for diverse applications in environmental monitoring and security.