Productivity and Dynamics of Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Parameters of Potatoes in Arid Climate

Interrelation between the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and productivity of potato plants was shown for the first time using the example of a mid-season-ripening variety (v.) Siversky and a mid-early Tretyakovka v. The yield of Siversky v. turned out to be 1.6 times higher than the yield of Tretyakovka. Aboveground biomass of Siversky v. was distinguished by an increased content of photosynthetic pigments, a greater variability of the protein and lipid metabolism indicators, and more intense oxidation processes and antioxidant protection, which can be the key to its greater productivity. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the greatest relationship in the climatic conditions of central Russia in 2020 was found for productivity and such indicators as the stomata number per unit leaf area, the number of stems, and the content of pigments, phospholipids, neutral lipids, and water-soluble part of the protein. Thus, both morphological and physiological-biochemical properties can influence the course and direction of the production process, and, hence, the yield of a certain variety.