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Related Concept Videos

Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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If the frequency distribution of a data set is more inclined towards smaller or larger values, the distribution is said to be skewed. If data values are skewed to the right, then the distribution is called positively skewed. Conversely, if the plot is skewed to the left, the distribution is called negatively skewed.
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Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

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Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...
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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology
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Coronavirus Vaccine Distribution: Moving to a Race Conscious Approach for a Racially Disparate Problem.

James H Johnson1, Jeanne Milliken Bonds1, Allan M Parnell2

  • 1Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
|May 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The initial COVID-19 vaccine rollout overlooked systemic racism, failing to reach Black communities disproportionately affected by the virus. A race-conscious strategy is urgently needed to ensure equitable vaccine access for all populations.

Keywords:
BlacksCOVID-19ComorbiditiesHyper-segregationLegacy pollutantsPovertyRace-blind vaccine rolloutReputational equity

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Equity
  • Racial Justice in Healthcare

Background:

  • COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted Black communities due to systemic racism.
  • Phase one of the vaccine rollout has not adequately reached the Black population.
  • Existing healthcare disparities exacerbate COVID-19 vulnerabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the failure of the initial COVID-19 vaccine rollout to address racial inequities.
  • To advocate for a race-conscious approach in vaccine distribution.
  • To ensure equitable access to vaccines for Black populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of vaccine distribution data in relation to demographic impact of COVID-19.
  • Review of public health strategies and their racial equity implications.
  • Assessment of systemic barriers to healthcare access for minority populations.

Main Results:

  • The first phase of vaccine distribution has critically overlooked the needs of the Black population.
  • Systemic racism's impact on COVID-19 vulnerability was not addressed in the rollout strategy.
  • Significant disparities exist in vaccine access for Black communities.

Conclusions:

  • A race-conscious strategy is essential for equitable vaccine distribution.
  • Urgent interventions are required to ensure Black populations receive vaccines.
  • Addressing systemic racism is crucial for effective public health responses to pandemics.