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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Collapse-induced phase transitions in binary interfacial microgel monolayers.

Johannes Harrer1, Simone Ciarella2, Marcel Rey1

  • 1Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. nicolas.vogel@fau.de.

Soft Matter
|May 5, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Binary microgel mixtures at interfaces show unique phase transitions. The microgel corona controls these transitions, enabling defect formation and shifting collapse to higher pressures.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Colloid science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Microgels are swollen polymer networks with complex self-assembly behavior.
  • Their deformability at interfaces differs from incompressible particles.
  • Understanding binary microgel mixtures at interfaces is crucial for materials design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the collective phase behavior of 2D binary microgel mixtures at the air/water interface.
  • Analyze the impact of microgel morphology and compression on phase transitions.
  • Explore the role of the microgel corona in interfacial assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized stimuli-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels with varying crosslinking densities.
  • Studied microgels confined at the air/water interface.
  • Employed compression experiments and augmented potential simulations.

Main Results:

  • Minority microgels create unhealable lattice defects.
  • Binary systems exhibit three distinct solid-solid phase transitions upon compression.
  • Phase transition hierarchy is linked to interfacial morphology and corona properties.
  • Flower-like defects form with 'weaker' corona particles.

Conclusions:

  • Microgel corona plays a dominant role in interfacial assembly, acting as an energy barrier.
  • Corona structure dictates phase transition hierarchy and defect formation.
  • Molecular architecture controls interfacial phase transitions and assembly characteristics.