Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

57.0K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
57.0K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.0K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
10.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.4K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
1.4K
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

31.3K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
31.3K
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

46.6K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
46.6K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.2K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lessons fromα-RuCl<sub>3</sub>for pursuing quantum spin liquid physics in atomically thin materials.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same author

Comprehensive proteogenomic characterization reveals clinically relevant molecular subtypes associated with medulloblastoma progression.

Experimental & molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Superconductivity proximate to non-Abelian fractional spin Hall insulator in twisted bilayer MoTe<sub>2</sub>.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Imaging the flat bands of magic-angle graphene reshaped by interactions.

Nature·2026
Same author

Effects of a 1-h cycling trial on post-exercise plasma metabolomics after 2-week supplementation with dairy products-based, high-flavonoid exercise recovery drink: a randomised controlled crossover trial.

The British journal of nutrition·2026
Same author

Revealing Electron-Electron Interactions in Graphene at Room Temperature with a Quantum Twisting Microscope.

Nano letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moir&#233; Superlattice Devices
11:24

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

10.2K

Odd Integer Quantum Hall States with Interlayer Coherence in Twisted Bilayer Graphene.

Youngwook Kim1,2, Pilkyung Moon3, Kenji Watanabe4

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Festköperforschung, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

Nano Letters
|May 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We observed unexpected odd-integer quantum Hall physics in twisted bilayer graphene, indicating interlayer coherence and exciton condensation driven by Coulomb interactions. This phenomenon vanishes with increasing interlayer tunneling due to magnetic breakdown.

Keywords:
Bose−Einstein condensationinterlayer coherencequantum Hall effecttwisted bilayer graphene

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.9K
Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
10:36

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moir&#233; Superlattice Devices
11:24

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

10.2K
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.9K
Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
10:36

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials
  • Graphene Physics

Background:

  • The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is a key phenomenon in 2D electron systems.
  • Graphene's unique electronic properties offer new platforms for studying QHE.
  • Twisted bilayer graphene exhibits complex correlated states due to interlayer coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the quantum Hall effect in twisted bilayer graphene with a specific twist angle.
  • Explore the role of interlayer tunneling and Coulomb interactions on QHE.
  • Understand the emergence of odd-integer QHE and associated phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of twisted bilayer graphene devices with a 2° twist angle.
  • Tuning interlayer tunneling strength via magnetic breakdown by varying carrier density.
  • Electrical transport measurements to probe quantum Hall states.

Main Results:

  • Observation of odd-integer quantum Hall physics in a regime where it's theoretically unexpected.
  • Evidence for Coulomb interaction-induced interlayer coherence and Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons at half-filling.
  • Reentrant behavior and phase transitions observed with density imbalance.
  • Vanishing of interlayer coherence and phase transitions at high densities due to enhanced magnetic breakdown.

Conclusions:

  • Coulomb interactions play a crucial role in inducing interlayer coherence and novel quantum states in twisted bilayer graphene.
  • Exciton condensation at half-filling contributes to the observed odd-integer quantum Hall effect.
  • Magnetic breakdown significantly influences interlayer coupling and the stability of correlated states.