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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Sheathless microflow cytometer utilizing two bulk standing acoustic waves.

Ce Wang^1,2, Yuting Ma², Zhongxiang Chen²

¹School of Biomedical Engineering(Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Cytometry. Part a : the Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology

|May 6, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a sheathless microflow cytometer using acoustic waves for 3D cell focusing. The low-cost, disposable system achieves high accuracy and sensitivity for cell analysis and leukocyte differentiation.

Keywords:

3D focusing bulk acoustic wave microflow cytometer piezoelectric transducer

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Analytical Chemistry
Microfluidics

Background:

Microflow cytometry offers potential for low-cost, disposable cell analysis chips.
Existing systems often require complex structures and sheath flows.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a sheathless microflow cytometer integrating a bulk standing acoustic wave microchip.
To achieve three-dimensional cell focusing and high-performance cell analysis.

Main Methods:

Integration of a bulk standing acoustic wave microchip for sheathless cell focusing.
Demonstration of flow cytometry with standard calibration beads and rainbow beads.
Application to immunologically labeled leukocytes differentiation in blood.

Main Results:

Achieved a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.16% with standard calibration beads.
Demonstrated high sensitivities (518 MEFL FITC, 264 MEPE PE) and linearities (>99%).
Successfully differentiated leukocytes in blood samples.

Conclusions:

The acoustic-based microflow cytometer is simple, mass-producible, and disposable.
The gentle acoustic waves maintain cell viability, suitable for sensitive bioparticle analysis.
This technology enables pipeless, low-cross-contamination applications.