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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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The Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting
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Reversible multilayered vesicle-like structures with fluid hydrophobic and interpolyelectrolyte layers.

Anastasiia Murmiliuk1, Sergey K Filippov2, Oleg Rud1

  • 1Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|May 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel soft core/shell micelles and complex multicompartment vesicles using block copolymers for advanced nanocapsule applications. These structures offer tunable properties for delivering hydrophobic and multivalent solutes.

Keywords:
Block polyelectrolytesCore/shell particlesElectrostatic coassemblySmall-angle scattering

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Amphiphilic block copolymers typically form rigid micellar cores, limiting their use in nanodelivery systems.
  • Developing nanocarriers with soft cores and tunable properties is crucial for targeted delivery applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize core/shell micelles with a soft hydrophobic core and a polycationic shell.
  • To investigate the formation of novel vesicle-like multicompartment structures by combining these micelles with oppositely charged block copolymers.
  • To explore the potential of these complex nanostructures as versatile nanocapsules for solute delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of poly(lauryl acrylate)-block-poly(trimethyl-aminoethyl acrylate) (PLA-QPDMAEA) block copolymers.
  • Characterization using light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence spectroscopy.
  • Formation and analysis of multicompartment structures with poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(methacrylic acid) (PEO-PMAA) via SANS and self-consistent field (SCF) modeling.

Main Results:

  • PLA-QPDMAEA formed spherical and cylindrical micelles with fluid-like PLA cores and charged shells, capable of encapsulating hydrophobic solutes.
  • Mixing with PEO-PMAA resulted in novel vesicle-like multicompartment structures featuring distinct soft hydrophobic, interpolyelectrolyte (IPEC), and hydrophilic layers.
  • SANS and SCF modeling confirmed the complex layered structure: PEO core, IPEC layer, PLA layer, IPEC layer, and PEO corona.

Conclusions:

  • Novel soft core/shell micelles and multicompartment vesicles were successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • These nanostructures exhibit tunable properties, including layer thickness and charge, making them promising for dual hydrophobic and multivalent solute delivery.
  • The developed systems offer a versatile platform for advanced nanocapsule design in drug delivery and other applications.