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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
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Quantifying procedural pain associated with office gynecologic tract sampling methods.

Madhu Bagaria1, Nicolas Wentzensen2, Megan Clarke2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN, United States of America.

Gynecologic Oncology
|May 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A tampon-based gynecologic sampling method resulted in significantly less pain compared to the Tao brush (TB) or endometrial biopsy (EB). This less invasive approach offers a promising alternative for endometrial cancer detection and patient comfort.

Keywords:
Abnormal uterine bleedingEndometrial biopsyPostmenopausal bleedingProcedural painTamponTao brush

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Endometrial cancer detection often relies on invasive biopsy methods.
  • Less invasive diagnostic techniques are needed to improve patient experience and compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare patient-reported pain scores among three gynecologic tract sampling methods: tampon, Tao brush (TB), and endometrial biopsy (EB).
  • To explore potential determinants of pain associated with these sampling procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study enrolled women aged 45 years or older with abnormal uterine bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, or thickened endometrial stripe.
  • Patients undergoing tampon, TB, and EB sampling rated their pain using a 100-point visual analog scale (VAS).

Main Results:

  • Of 190 patients who completed all three methods, tampon sampling yielded significantly lower median pain scores (0 [0,2]) compared to TB (28 [12, 52]) and EB (32 [15, 60]) (p < 0.001).
  • Tampon sampling pain showed a weak positive correlation with age (r = 0.14, p = 0.006).
  • Endometrial biopsy pain showed a weak inverse correlation with parity (r = -0.14, p = 0.016).

Conclusions:

  • Tampon-based gynecologic sampling is significantly less painful than both endometrial biopsy and Tao brush sampling.
  • Pain during tampon sampling is positively associated with age, while pain during endometrial biopsy is inversely associated with parity.
  • Tao brush and endometrial biopsy pain scores were not significantly correlated with age, menopausal status, or BMI.