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Update on Immunology of COVID-19 Disease and Potential Strategy for Controlling

Neda K Dezfuli1,2, Ian M Adcock3, Nooshin Montazami4

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Tanaffos
|May 7, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, originating in bats and spreading globally. This review covers SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, clinical features, and potential treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel beta-coronavirus.
  • The virus likely originated in bats, sharing genomic similarities with bat coronaviruses, and has spread to 261 countries.
  • SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for cellular entry, primarily infecting the respiratory tract.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients.
  • To discuss potential pharmacologic strategies for controlling COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on global spread.
  • Synthesis of information on viral mechanisms and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Common clinical symptoms include fever, cough, and fatigue; some patients experience gastrointestinal issues.
  • Older adults and individuals with metabolic or cardiovascular diseases face higher risks and worse outcomes.
  • Severe cases may involve acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and clinical presentation is crucial for effective management.
  • Targeting viral entry and host responses offers potential therapeutic avenues.
  • Continued research into pharmacologic approaches is vital for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)DiagnosisPathogenesisSARS-CoV-2Therapy

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