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A Novel Cognitive Function Scale Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Evaluating Cognitive Dysfunction.

Shin Nakamura1, Satoshi Yomota1, Hitomi Ito2

  • 1Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) tool objectively measures cognitive decline in older adults. This low-burden method shows high accuracy in identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI), offering a promising monitoring solution.

Keywords:
Cognitive dysfunctionfunctional neuroimagingmental status and dementia testsneuropsychological testsneurovascular couplingspectroscopy near-infrared

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Technology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cognitive function is crucial for social engagement in aging populations.
  • Current methods for assessing cognitive dysfunction, like neuropsychological tests and brain imaging, are subjective and burdensome.
  • There is a need for objective, easily administered tools to monitor cognitive health in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, objective, and low-burden cognitive function scale.
  • To utilize functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex.
  • To assess cognitive status during the performance of daily tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 63 participants aged 60-80 years, categorized as non-dementia controls (NDC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • Randomly assigned participants into training and test datasets.
  • Analyzed hemodynamic responses during low-burden sensory and simple tasks using fNIRS.

Main Results:

  • Logistic regression analysis of the fNIRS index yielded an area under the curve of 0.98, with 94% sensitivity and 88% specificity.
  • Holdout results were 62%, and a strong positive linear correlation (R² = 0.96) was observed between the fNIRS index and MCI odds.
  • The fNIRS index effectively distinguished between NDC and MCI groups.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fNIRS measurement demonstrates effectiveness in assessing cognitive decline.
  • The fNIRS index shows potential as an onsite monitoring tool for cognitive status.
  • Further research is needed, but this method offers a promising approach for objective cognitive assessment.