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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
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Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

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[African swine fever].

Takehiro Kokuho1

  • 1National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization.

Uirusu
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

African swine fever (ASF) is a severe hemorrhagic disease affecting pigs, spread by ticks and contaminated pork. No vaccine exists, emphasizing the need for awareness and preparedness against this impactful pathogen.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Animal Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • African swine fever (ASF) is an endemic hemorrhagic disease in sub-Saharan Africa, affecting wild Suids via Ornithodoros ticks.
  • Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) are highly susceptible to ASF, experiencing severe clinical signs and high mortality, significantly impacting pork production.
  • The etiological agent, African swine fever virus (ASFV), is environmentally resistant, posing a risk of long-distance spread through contaminated meat products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the disease and pathogen etiology of African swine fever (ASF).
  • To underscore the critical importance of "awareness" and "preparedness" regarding ASF.
  • To inform about the potential introduction of ASFV into Japan, given its spread in East and Southeast Asia since 2018.

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Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing knowledge on ASF.
  • Description of the epidemiology and transmission routes of ASFV.
  • Analysis of the environmental resistance and spread potential of ASFV.

Main Results:

  • ASF is a highly contagious disease with no available treatment or vaccine.
  • ASFV can persist in unheated pork products, facilitating long-range dissemination.
  • The virus has spread across East and Southeast Asia, posing a threat to Japan.

Conclusions:

  • Heightened awareness and preparedness are crucial for managing and preventing ASF outbreaks.
  • Understanding ASFV's transmission dynamics and environmental persistence is key to control strategies.
  • Proactive measures are necessary to protect domestic pig populations from ASFV introduction and spread.