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[Basic information of Coronavirus].

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Coronaviruses (CoVs) are significant animal and human pathogens.
  • Known human CoVs cause mild illnesses, but SARS (2002) and MERS (2012) caused severe epidemics.
  • A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019, leading to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of coronaviruses, their structure, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To describe the genomic organization and replication strategy of coronaviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on coronaviruses.
  • Analysis of coronavirus genome structure and protein functions.

Main Results:

  • Coronaviruses possess positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes.
  • Genomes encode non-structural proteins (nsps) and structural proteins (S, M, E, N).
  • Viral replication involves polyprotein translation, processing by proteases, and assembly in the ER-Golgi pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, represent a significant public health threat.
  • Understanding coronavirus biology is crucial for developing countermeasures against diseases like COVID-19.