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Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis

A D Marais1

  • 1Division of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Department, University of Cape Town Health Science Faculty, Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa. david.marais@uct.ac.za.

Current Atherosclerosis Reports
|May 10, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic variations significantly impact lipoprotein metabolism, influencing cardiovascular health and diseases like dysbetalipoproteinemia. Understanding APOE

Area of Science:

  • Lipidology
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays a crucial role in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health.
  • APOE genetic variations are linked to various dyslipidemias, including dysbetalipoproteinemia and moderate dyslipidemia.
  • APOE influences inflammation and has implications for cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions, genetic variations, and clinical impact of apolipoprotein E on lipoprotein metabolism.
  • To contextualize APOE's role in clinical practice for dyslipidemias and related disorders.
  • To explore the association of APOE with atherosclerosis, inflammation, and cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on apolipoprotein E functions, genetic variations, and clinical implications.
  • Analysis of studies investigating APOE's role in lipoprotein metabolism, dyslipidemias, and atherosclerosis.
  • Examination of research on APOE variants, inflammation, and cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • APOE genetic variations significantly affect lipoprotein metabolism and lipid profiles.
  • APOE2 generally has favorable effects, while APOE4 is atherogenic and associated with cognitive impairment.
  • Dysbetalipoproteinemia, an extreme form of remnant lipoprotein accumulation, is linked to atherosclerosis and glomerulopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Apolipoprotein E is a key determinant of lipid profiles and cardiovascular health.
  • Understanding APOE polymorphisms can enhance medical care for patients with dyslipidemias and related conditions.
  • Mimetic peptides targeting APOE pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
Apolipoprotein EAtherosclerosisDysbetalipoproteinemiaDyslipidemia

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