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Advanced diabetes management devices like insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) improve glycemic control and quality of life for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Devices
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), and hybrid closed-loop systems are available for managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • These technologies offer benefits such as improved glycemic control, reduced hypoglycemia, and enhanced quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current insulin delivery and glucose monitoring technologies for diabetes management.
  • To highlight the benefits and functionalities of advanced diabetes devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of available insulin pumps, CGMs, and closed-loop systems in the US market.
  • Description of the functionalities of insulin pumps, CGMs, and hybrid closed-loop systems.
  • Inclusion of other devices like smart insulin pens and mobile health technology.

Main Results:

  • Seven insulin pumps, five CGMs, and four closed-loop systems are currently available.
  • Insulin pumps provide continuous subcutaneous insulin delivery.
  • CGMs offer frequent blood glucose readings (every 5-15 minutes).
  • Hybrid closed-loop systems can predict and prevent hypoglycemia, and alert users to glucose fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced diabetes management devices significantly benefit patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • Prescription and management require an interdisciplinary healthcare team.
  • Emerging technologies like smart insulin pens and mobile health apps further support diabetes self-management.