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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Two 6/10-connected Cu12S6 cluster-based organic frameworks: crystal structure and proton conduction.

Jia-Ming Li1, Tian-Yang Xu2, Ya-Li Zhao1

  • 1Qinzhou Key Laboratory for Development and Application of High Performance Functional Materials, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, People's Republic of China. jmli@bbgu.edu.cn hkh821227@163.com.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces novel crystalline cluster-based organic frameworks for proton conduction. These copper-based materials demonstrate temperature-dependent proton conductivity and high water stability, advancing the field of solid-state proton conductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Limited research exists on crystalline cluster-based organic framework materials for proton conduction.
  • Existing proton conductive materials include sulfonated polymers and novel crystalline solids like MOFs, COFs, and HOFs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and investigate a pair of homologous Cu(I)-based organic frameworks containing a Cu12S6 cluster for proton conduction.
  • To characterize the structures and analyze the proton conductivity properties of the synthesized materials.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis of two Cu(I)-based organic frameworks ([Cu12(MES)6(H2O)3]n (1) and {[Cu12(MPS)6(H2O)4]·6H2O}n (2)).
  • Structural characterization using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analyses, and PXRD measurements.
  • Investigation of proton conductivity and water stability, complemented by Hirshfeld surface analysis.

Main Results:

  • Two MOFs with distinct topological structures were successfully synthesized.
  • Both MOFs exhibit temperature-dependent proton conductive features with conductivities of 3.63 × 10-5 and 2.75 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 333 K and 98% RH.
  • The materials demonstrate high water stability, with structural and conductivity differences analyzed in relation to molecular contacts and hydrogen bonding.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized Cu(I)-based MOFs represent a novel class of crystalline cluster-based organic frameworks for proton conduction.
  • The study highlights the relationship between structural topology, water stability, and proton conductivity in these materials.
  • Further investigation into these materials could lead to advancements in solid-state proton conductor technology.