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Updated: Aug 7, 2026

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Published on: January 10, 2013
Cutting through complexity: the Breathing, Thinking, Functioning clinical model is an educational tool that
Anna Spathis1,2, Julie Burkin3, Catherine Moffat3
1Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK. aos10@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
Chronic breathlessness management is improved using the Breathing, Thinking, Functioning model. This educational tool enhances understanding and provides a structured approach for personalized self-management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Respiratory Medicine
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Chronic breathlessness is a complex and distressing symptom impacting quality of life.
- Effective management strategies for chronic breathlessness are needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the utility of the Breathing, Thinking, Functioning (BTF) clinical model.
- To assess the BTF model's impact on clinician and patient understanding of breathlessness.
- To determine if the BTF model facilitates personalized self-management.
Main Methods:
- The study involved health professionals using the BTF model.
- Data was collected through self-reporting by health professionals.
Main Results:
- Health professionals reported increased understanding of breathlessness.
- The BTF model was perceived as a simple and structured approach.
- The model was seen as beneficial for personalized self-management.
Conclusions:
- The Breathing, Thinking, Functioning model is an effective educational tool for breathlessness management.
- The model improves both clinician and patient comprehension of the symptom.
- It offers a structured pathway for developing personalized self-management plans.
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