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Fluorinated interphase enables reversible aqueous zinc battery chemistries.

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This study introduces a new electrolyte for aqueous zinc batteries that forms a protective solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). This SEI layer enables stable, dendrite-free zinc plating and stripping, significantly improving battery performance and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Metallic zinc is a promising anode material for aqueous batteries due to its high capacity and low potential.
  • However, aqueous zinc batteries suffer from poor reversibility, including dendrite growth and low coulombic efficiency, primarily due to hydrogen evolution.
  • The inability to form a stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) hinders the development of reliable zinc batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrolyte system for aqueous zinc batteries that promotes the formation of a stable and functional solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI).
  • To investigate the impact of this SEI on zinc plating/stripping behavior, coulombic efficiency, and overall battery performance.
  • To demonstrate the viability of aqueous zinc batteries for practical applications through various cell configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dilute, acidic aqueous electrolyte with an alkylammonium salt additive.
  • Investigated the in-situ formation of a robust, Zn2+-conducting, and waterproof SEI layer.
  • Tested asymmetric Ti||Zn cells, symmetric Zn||Zn cells, and full cells (Zn||VOPO4, Zn||O2, Zn||MnO2) to evaluate performance.

Main Results:

  • Achieved dendrite-free zinc plating/stripping with 99.9% coulombic efficiency over 1,000 cycles in a Ti||Zn asymmetric cell.
  • Demonstrated steady charge-discharge in a Zn||Zn symmetric cell for 6,000 cycles (6,000 hours).
  • Reported high energy densities in full cells (e.g., 136 Wh kg−1 in Zn||VOPO4 with 88.7% retention for >6,000 cycles) and successful operation of an anode-free pouch cell.

Conclusions:

  • The developed electrolyte effectively facilitates the formation of a protective SEI layer in aqueous zinc batteries.
  • This SEI layer significantly enhances electrochemical performance, enabling dendrite-free cycling and high coulombic efficiency.
  • Aqueous zinc batteries with this SEI-forming electrolyte show great potential for practical, safe, and high-energy-density energy storage applications.