Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

49
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
49
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

1.5K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.5K
Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation01:22

Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation

509
Glutathione, a tripeptide made up of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, is a critical player in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics via a process known as glutathione conjugation or mercapturic acid formation. This phase II biotransformation reaction involves the covalent binding of glutathione to a drug or its metabolite, enhancing the compound's water solubility and enabling its excretion.
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
509
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

471
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
471
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

16.3K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
16.3K
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

664
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
664

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stress-induced IL-6 regulation in pediatric bone growth disorders: current insights and therapeutic strategies.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Cumulative <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> infections do not drive long-term telomere shortening in Kenyan children.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2026
Same author

Enhancing red blood cell compatibility: in vitro hemagglutination prevention using a trispecific triabody as a blocking fragment for blood group antigens.

Journal of biological engineering·2026
Same author

Hemosuccus pancreaticus treated using EUS-guided coil embolization and glue injection.

iGIE : innovation, investigation and insights·2026
Same author

Photoinduced Estimation of Imidacloprid in Water and Commercial Samples by Flow Injection Using DPC-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Chemiluminescence Reaction.

Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence·2026
Same author

Effects of stress on bone health in children.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Retraction: The Association Between Janus Kinase 2 and Factor V Leiden Mutations and Thrombotic Complications in Patients With Myeloproliferative Disorders: A Study From Saudi Arabia.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

Patient-Reported Understanding of Emergency Department Discharge Instructions, Satisfaction, and Acceptability of a Future Telemedicine-Based Call-Back Program: Phase 1 Observational Pilot Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

Correction: Methylprednisolone-Induced Delayed and Sustained Bradycardia in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

Rapid Interval Development of a Left Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm During Acute Interstitial Edematous Pancreatitis.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis Secondary to Untreated Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

A Prospective Case-Control Study of Helicobacter pylori and Systemic Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis.

Cureus·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer
06:21

Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer

Published on: May 10, 2024

939

Methotrexate Toxicity: A Simple Solution to a Complex Problem.

Muhammad Asghar1, Hasan Shoaib1, Woosun Kang1

  • 1Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, USA.

Cureus
|May 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methotrexate toxicity can lead to prolonged hospital stays and increased costs. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial for better patient outcomes and safety.

Keywords:
cost-effectivedrug rashmethotrexate toxicityneutropeniapatient-centered care

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods
09:04

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods

Published on: September 10, 2018

9.9K
Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay
11:14

Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay

Published on: November 10, 2013

58.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer
06:21

Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer

Published on: May 10, 2024

939
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods
09:04

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods

Published on: September 10, 2018

9.9K
Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay
11:14

Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay

Published on: November 10, 2013

58.2K

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology
  • Clinical Toxicology

Background:

  • Methotrexate is a cornerstone therapy for various dermatological and rheumatological conditions.
  • Close monitoring is essential due to the potential for severe, life-threatening side effects.

Observation:

  • A case of methotrexate toxicity resulted in extended hospitalization.
  • This prolonged stay led to increased healthcare expenses and patient dissatisfaction.

Findings:

  • Methotrexate toxicity can significantly impact patient recovery and healthcare resource utilization.
  • Delayed recognition exacerbates adverse effects, prolonging hospital stays.

Implications:

  • Healthcare providers must be vigilant regarding methotrexate's side effect profile.
  • Early detection and intervention are key to mitigating toxicity, improving patient outcomes, and reducing healthcare costs.