Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

43.6K
A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
43.6K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

33.7K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
33.7K
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

38.1K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
38.1K
Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH01:19

Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH

661
Polyprotic acids of the type H2M constitute two ionizable protons. As a result, on titration with a base, they exhibit two equivalence points in the titration curve. During titration, the species H2M, HM−, and M2− will be present in the solution at different points. The fractions of H2M, HM−, and M2− present at the various instances of the titration are denoted by α0, α1, and α2, respectively.
A graph with the alpha values is plotted against the volume of...
661
Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

29.3K
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
29.3K
Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

21.4K
According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
21.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Theoretical Terahertz Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions: From Electronic Structure to Molecular Understanding.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same author

Ion-Pair Specific Response of Water to Electric Fields.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

High-intensity terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (HI-THz-TDS) reveals hydration behavior of lactose in the dilute regime.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2026
Same author

The [2Fe2S] cluster and active-site architecture of Corynebacterium diphtheriae coproporphyrin ferrochelatase: Structure, stability, and catalysis.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Water self-dissociation in slit pores displays non-monotonic behavior as a function of water filling.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Perfluorinated alkyl groups induce unexpected hydrophobic hydration structure.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Phase-transition-driven radiative-decay engineering for high-<i>Q</i> quasi-BIC states in graphene-VO<sub>2</sub> metasurfaces.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

From frameworks to functionality: a review of MOF-derived materials in emerging supercapacitor technologies.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Zn doping effects on oxygen reduction kinetics of PrBa<sub>0.5</sub>Ca<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5+<i>δ</i></sub> double perovskite cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Mechanisms of the CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O co-adsorption behavior of functionalized porous carbons: perspectives of the molecular clustering effect.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

A charge-redistribution threshold governing methane dehydrogenation revealed by cerium oxide and nitride clusters.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Engineering Fe<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>-based heterostructures for high-performance supercapacitors: the role of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> integration.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

An Experimental Protocol for Studying Mineral Effects on Organic Hydrothermal Transformations
06:50

An Experimental Protocol for Studying Mineral Effects on Organic Hydrothermal Transformations

Published on: August 8, 2018

5.8K

Aqueous TMAO solution under high hydrostatic pressure.

Inga Kolling1, Christoph Hölzl, Sho Imoto

  • 1Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany. gerhard.schwaab@rub.de martina.havenith@rub.de.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|May 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) stabilizes proteins under high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). This study reveals TMAO

More Related Videos

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States
04:37

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.9K
High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems
05:46

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

Published on: January 24, 2014

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

An Experimental Protocol for Studying Mineral Effects on Organic Hydrothermal Transformations
06:50

An Experimental Protocol for Studying Mineral Effects on Organic Hydrothermal Transformations

Published on: August 8, 2018

5.8K
High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States
04:37

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.9K
High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems
05:46

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

Published on: January 24, 2014

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a natural osmolyte.
  • Deep-sea organisms utilize TMAO to stabilize proteins against high hydrostatic pressure (HHP).
  • Understanding TMAO's behavior under extreme pressure is crucial for biological and chemical insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solvation properties of TMAO in water under extreme compression up to 12 kbar.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind TMAO's protein-stabilizing role at high pressures.
  • To identify pressure-induced changes in TMAO's hydration shell.

Main Methods:

  • Combined ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and force field molecular dynamics (FFMD) simulations.
  • THz absorption spectroscopy.
  • Analysis of coordination numbers, hydrogen bond networks, and spectroscopic shifts.

Main Results:

  • AIMD simulations show increased TMAO hydration (TMAO·(H2O)4) at 10 kbar compared to 1 bar (TMAO·(H2O)3).
  • FFMD simulations reveal significant hydrophobic hydration increase up to 4-5 kbar, leveling off thereafter.
  • THz spectroscopy identifies two pressure regimes (1.5-2 kbar and 4-5 kbar) linked to hydration changes and apparent molar volume.
  • A blueshift in the TMAO intramolecular CNC bending mode acts as a pressure sensor.

Conclusions:

  • TMAO's solvation shell undergoes significant structural and dynamic changes under high hydrostatic pressure.
  • These pressure-induced alterations in TMAO hydration are critical for its protein-stabilizing function in deep-sea environments.
  • The CNC bending mode serves as a reliable spectroscopic indicator for pressure changes in TMAO's solvation environment.