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How does a nature-based solution for flood control compare to a technical solution? Case study evidence from Belgium.

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Summary

Restoring river floodplains as a nature-based solution (NBS) offers similar flood protection as technical options but at a lower cost, with added biodiversity and ecosystem benefits. Success depends on context, requiring space and limited floodplain development.

Keywords:
BiodiversityEcosystem servicesFlood controlNature-based solutionSocial cost–benefit analysisStorm basins

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • River restoration and floodplain reconnection are gaining traction as nature-based solutions (NBS). These strategies leverage natural floodplain functions to enhance biodiversity and provide social co-benefits.
  • Traditional flood management often relies on technical solutions like storm basins, which may not offer the same ecological advantages.
  • Assessing the economic and ecological trade-offs between NBS and technical approaches is crucial for informed decision-making in water management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively compare the costs and benefits of a nature-based solution (floodplain restoration) against a technical solution (storm basins).
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of NBS in achieving flood security while delivering additional ecosystem services and biodiversity gains.
  • To identify the contextual factors influencing the success of nature-based solutions in river valley management.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative social cost-benefit analysis was conducted.
  • A case study approach was employed, focusing on the Dijle valley in Belgium.
  • The study retrospectively assessed flood security, costs, ecosystem service benefits, and biodiversity values.

Main Results:

  • The nature-based solution (floodplain restoration) provided comparable flood security to the technical alternative (storm basins).
  • The NBS option demonstrated lower overall costs and yielded greater benefits in terms of ecosystem services and biodiversity.
  • Implementation success for NBS is contingent upon factors such as available space for floodwater retention, water quality, and limited human activity within the floodplain.

Conclusions:

  • Nature-based solutions, specifically floodplain restoration, present a cost-effective and ecologically superior alternative to traditional technical flood management strategies.
  • The economic viability and success of NBS are strongly influenced by the specific spatial and socio-ecological characteristics of the implementation site.
  • Favorable conditions for NBS include ample space for water retention, good water quality, and minimal development in flood-prone areas, highlighting the importance of context-specific planning.