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Processing cataphors: Active antecedent search is persistent.

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Cataphors trigger an active search for their antecedents during language processing. This search is persistent, meaning it continues to later positions if the antecedent isn't found early.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cataphors pose interpretation challenges as their meaning depends on antecedents appearing later in a sentence.
  • Previous research suggests cataphors might initiate an active, predictive search for antecedents during sentence processing.
  • The persistence of this antecedent search, however, has remained largely unestablished.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the search for cataphor antecedents is an active and persistent process.
  • To determine how comprehenders resolve cataphoric reference when potential antecedents appear in different syntactic positions.
  • To test the hypothesis of persistent antecedent search across different linguistic structures and languages.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two off-line sentence completion experiments in English and Norwegian.
  • Performed two on-line self-paced reading studies in English and Norwegian.
  • Analyzed participant preferences for coreference and reading times to infer processing strategies.

Main Results:

  • Sentence completion data revealed a strong preference for cataphor antecedents in the main subject position, followed by the object position when the subject was unavailable.
  • Self-paced reading studies showed that comprehenders actively anticipate cataphor antecedents in the main subject position.
  • Processing disfluencies occurred when the subject did not match the cataphor's gender, indicating a subsequent search in the object position.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the hypothesis that antecedent search triggered by cataphors is both active and persistent.
  • Comprehenders actively predict and search for cataphor antecedents in specific syntactic positions, demonstrating robust language processing mechanisms.
  • This research provides empirical evidence for the dynamic nature of syntactic and semantic integration during real-time language comprehension.