Ti-9Mn β-type alloy exhibits better osteogenicity than Ti-15Mn alloy in vitro

Ti-9Mn and Ti-15Mn were prepared using an arc furnace in order to understand their osteogenic behavior as a biomedical implant. Ti-9Mn surface showed a significantly lower contact angle value (41%) as compared with the Ti-15Mn surface. The higher Ra and lower hydrophilicity values of Ti-9Mn alloy as compared with Ti-15Mn alloy indicates that Ti-9Mn can have better osteoconductive properties. ALP activity of the osteoblast cells on the Ti-9Mn alloy was elevated by 45% on day 7 and 20% on day 14 as compared to the Ti-15Mn alloy that reflects faster induction of osteoblast phenotypes of MG63 cells. Filopodia and lamellipodia structures were spread more on the Ti-9Mn specimens as compared to the Ti-15Mn alloy. Cell viability on Ti-9Mn alloy increased by 25% and 32%, respectively after 7 and 14 days of culture as compared to Ti-15Mn alloy. On day 14 of culture, the relative expression of RUNX2, COL1, and OC on Ti-9Mn alloy were elevated by 35%, 21%, and 30% respectively than the Ti-15Mn alloy. Ti-9Mn alloy also exhibited an inductive effect on the cell proliferation, and upregulation in the expression of ALP, RUNX2, and OC that is, the genes related to osteoblastic differentiation. Hence, the present in vitro results suggest that Ti-9Mn can be a preferred implant material than the Ti-15Mn alloy.