Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 6, 2025

10:12
Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
Published on: June 19, 2018
9.3K
Hand-held X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
Summary
Portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrumentation has advanced for in situ inorganic elemental analysis. This technology enables on-site decision-making for complex measurement challenges.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Geochemistry
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Traditional laboratory-based inorganic elemental analysis is time-consuming and resource-intensive.
- The need for rapid, on-site elemental analysis has grown across various scientific disciplines.
- Advancements in portable instrumentation are crucial for field-based research and monitoring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail the evolution of hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrumentation.
- To explain the principles and applications of XRF for in situ inorganic elemental analysis.
- To guide users in applying XRF for complex measurement problems and on-site decision-making.
Main Methods:
- Overview of the technological advancements in hand-held XRF devices.
- Discussion of sample preparation techniques for field analysis.
- Case studies illustrating the application of portable XRF.
Main Results:
- Demonstration of XRF's capability for accurate in situ elemental analysis.
- Highlighting the benefits of portable XRF in terms of speed and cost-effectiveness.
- Showcasing the utility of XRF for immediate data acquisition and interpretation.
Conclusions:
- Portable XRF technology offers a powerful solution for on-site inorganic elemental analysis.
- The instrumentation facilitates rapid assessment and informed decision-making in diverse field settings.
- This technical brief serves as a guide for both expert analysts and new users of XRF technology.
Related Concept Videos
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy
636
Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
636
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence
1.8K
Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
1.8K
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
424
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
424
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
781
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
781
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples
4.2K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
4.2K
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II
766
In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
766

