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Related Concept Videos

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The medial olivocochlear reflex strength is modulated during a visual working memory task.

Bruno Marcenaro1,2,3, Alexis Leiva1,4, Constantino Dragicevic1,4

  • 1Neuroscience Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

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|May 12, 2021
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Summary

The brain filters distracting sounds during visual working memory tasks. This study shows that the auditory efferent system modulates cochlear responses, suggesting a mechanism for selective attention.

Keywords:
auditory efferentcochleacorticofugalolivocochlearworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Top-down attention modulates sensory processing to prioritize relevant information.
  • Previous studies show auditory pathway modulation by attention in visual working memory (VWM).
  • It remains unknown if auditory receptors themselves are modulated by attention during VWM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cochlear responses to irrelevant auditory stimuli are modulated by the medial olivocochlear system during VWM.
  • To test the hypothesis that the medial olivocochlear system plays a role in filtering auditory distractors during cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-one healthy adults performed a visual change detection task with varying VWM loads.
  • Distracting auditory stimuli were presented, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory evoked potentials were measured.
  • Medial olivocochlear reflex strength was assessed using contralateral acoustic stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Contralateral acoustic suppression of DPOAEs was significantly larger during the VWM period compared to passive listening controls.
  • This indicates enhanced medial olivocochlear efferent activity during active visual working memory engagement.
  • The findings suggest modulation of the auditory efferent system's filtering capacity during cognitive load.

Conclusions:

  • The medial olivocochlear reflex strength is modulated during visual working memory.
  • This modulation suggests a shared top-down filtering mechanism for auditory responses across attention and working memory.
  • The auditory efferent system may act as a cochlear filter during selective attention and cognitive processing.