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Bioengineering in vitro models of embryonic development.

Ananya Gupta1, Matthias P Lutolf2, Alex J Hughes3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Stem Cell Reports
|May 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell-based in vitro models are advancing embryonic development research. Bioengineering can enhance these embryo-like structures (ELSs) for better in vivo recapitulation and reduced animal use.

Keywords:
3D matrixbioengineeringblastoidsembryonic developmentgastruloidsin vitro modelsmicrofluidicsoptogeneticsorganoidsstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Stem cell-based in vitro models recapitulate key aspects of embryonic development, including gametogenesis, early embryogenesis, and organogenesis.
  • These models offer novel experimental approaches and hold potential for reducing animal use in research.
  • Current limitations include differences in morphogenesis and spatiotemporal control of cell fate compared to in vivo development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent technical advancements in stem cell-based embryo-like structures (ELSs).
  • To discuss the application of bioengineering strategies to overcome limitations in current in vitro embryonic models.
  • To highlight how bioengineering can improve the optimization and external control of ELSs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current stem cell-based in vitro models of embryonic development.
  • Discussion of bioengineering approaches for modulating external and internal cellular signals.
  • Analysis of technical developments in creating and controlling embryo-like structures.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell models have successfully recapitulated various stages of embryonic development in vitro.
  • Bioengineering offers targeted solutions to address limitations in morphogenesis and cell fate control.
  • Advancements enable better external control and optimization of stem cell-based embryo-like structures.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell-based in vitro models are powerful tools for studying embryonic development.
  • Bioengineering is crucial for refining these models and enhancing their in vivo relevance.
  • Integrating bioengineering with in vitro models promises deeper insights into developmental processes.