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Mixed Reality Technology and Three-Dimensional Printing in Teaching: Heart Anatomy as an Example
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Embedding interactive, three-dimensional content in portable document format to deliver gross anatomy information and
1Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|May 13, 2021
Summary
Embedding 3D models into Portable Document Format (PDF) files offers new ways to share anatomical knowledge. This method provides quality and flexibility comparable to specialized software for scientific publishing.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Medical Imaging
- Scientific Publishing
Background:
- Portable Document Format (PDF) is a standard for scholarly publishing.
- PDF version 1.6 and later support embedded Universal 3D (U3D) models.
- 3D models can enhance the delivery of anatomical information.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate graphic strategies for presenting anatomical information using 3D models in PDF.
- To explore the potential of embedded 3D content for anatomical education and knowledge dissemination.
- To provide practical guidance on creating and embedding 3D models in PDF.
Main Methods:
- Generating 3D anatomical models from surface scans, clinical imaging, or cadaver sections.
- Converting 3D models to Universal 3D (U3D) format.
- Embedding U3D models into PDF files using various software tools.
- Utilizing Adobe Acrobat and JavaScript for interactive 3D content configuration.
Main Results:
- Successfully embedded diverse 3D anatomical models and scenes into PDF files.
- Presented eight proof-of-concept examples showcasing annotated models, textures, guided navigation, and interactive slicing.
- Demonstrated that embedded 3D content in PDF is comparable to dedicated 3D software.
Conclusions:
- Embedded 3D models in PDF provide a flexible and high-quality medium for anatomical information.
- This approach offers unprecedented opportunities for delivering anatomical knowledge in scientific publishing.
- Interactive 3D PDF content enhances user engagement and understanding of complex anatomical structures.
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