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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
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Post-ICU Care in the Outpatient Setting.

Jason Wilbur1, Jessica Rockafellow1, Brian Shian1

  • 1University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.

American Family Physician
|May 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Family physicians must manage post-intensive care unit (ICU) survivors, screening for complications like depression and weakness. Early ICU interventions and outpatient exercise can improve outcomes for these growing numbers of patients.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Primary Care
  • Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS)

Background:

  • Over 5 million patients annually admitted to U.S. intensive care units (ICUs) survive and require outpatient follow-up.
  • An increasing number of ICU survivors necessitate ongoing care for potential post-discharge complications.
  • Family physicians play a crucial role in managing the long-term health of ICU survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline essential screening and management strategies for family physicians caring for post-ICU patients.
  • To identify risk factors and preventative measures for post-ICU complications.
  • To emphasize the importance of addressing physical, mental, and cognitive health after ICU discharge.

Main Methods:

  • Review of risk factors for post-ICU complications, including prior ICU admissions, comorbidities, and ventilation duration.

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  • Recommendations for standardized screening tools for depression, anxiety, insomnia, and cognitive impairment.
  • Guidance on physical examination, laboratory evaluation, and the role of exercise regimens.
  • Consideration of specific needs for COVID-19 survivors, including transmission risk and telemedicine options.

    • Main Results:

    • Prolonged mechanical ventilation, higher opioid exposure, prior ICU admissions, and comorbidities are key risk factors.
    • Early nutritional support and mobilization in the ICU mitigate complication risks.
    • Screening for mental health and cognitive issues, alongside assessment of weakness and functional impairment, is vital.
    • Exercise programs demonstrate benefit in reducing post-ICU complications.

    Conclusions:

    • Family physicians require preparedness for comprehensive outpatient management of ICU survivors.
    • Proactive screening and targeted interventions are essential for addressing post-ICU complications.
    • Telemedicine offers a valuable modality for managing COVID-19 survivors and reducing exposure risks.