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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Light-Matter Interactions

    Background:

    • Integer vector beams are well-studied, but fractional vector beams (FVBs) remain underexplored regarding their photophysical and photomechanical properties.
    • Understanding FVB behavior is crucial for advancing optical manipulation techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically and experimentally investigate the spin angular momentum (SAM) separation and propagation characteristics of weakly and tightly focused FVBs.
    • To analyze the three-dimensional SAM and orbital angular momentum (OAM) distributions in the focal region.
    • To explore the optical forces, spin torques, and orbital torques exerted by focused FVBs on dielectric Rayleigh particles.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of FVB propagation and focusing.
    • Experimental investigation using optical setups to generate and analyze FVBs.
    • Characterization of intensity, SAM, and OAM distributions.
    • Calculation of optical forces and torques on Rayleigh particles.

    Main Results:

    • Weakly focused FVBs, despite lacking SAM, induce transverse SAM separation and unique focal intensity patterns.
    • Tightly focused FVBs exhibit spatial separation of both three-dimensional SAM and OAM.
    • Focused FVBs generate optical forces, spin torques, and orbital torques on dielectric Rayleigh particles.

    Conclusions:

    • FVBs possess distinct SAM separation and propagation characteristics.
    • The spatial separation of SAM and OAM in tightly focused FVBs offers new possibilities for optical control.
    • FVBs can induce asymmetrical spinning and orbiting motions in optically trapped particles, demonstrating their potential in advanced optical manipulation.