Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Synergistic and redundant information dynamics exhibit dissociable alterations across schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental conditions.

Brain informatics·2026

Same author

Ciliary-Mediated Mechanotransduction in Skeletal Development and Diseases.

Results and problems in cell differentiation·2026

Same author

Psychological safety as a context-sensitive predictor of retention intentions: Gendered effects of supervisor support under caregiving-assumed conditions.

PloS one·2026

Same author

High-speed imaging of cutting and electrical discharge machining (EDM) in thin metals and fluids using high-intensity 100 keV x rays.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same author

Development of an ultraprecise glue-free bimorph deformable mirror with a length of 460 mm.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same author

Framework for X-ray mirror surface shape fitting.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2026

Same journal

Long-term stabilization of intensity-difference squeezing from four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Robust 3D topography measurement of large-range high-aspect-ratio structures based on dual-domain statistical filtering in SD-OCT.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Broadband transmissive terahertz metasurface for simultaneous quad-mode OAM multiplexing.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Leveraging two-dimensional materials for high-sensitivity optical sensors: quasi-bound states in the continuum within hybrid metasurfaces.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Resolution investigation for dual-spherical-wave optical scanning holographic microscopy: methods and performance.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Robustness of parallel subnetwork-filtered diffractive deep neural networks.

Optics express·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

X-ray adaptive zoom condenser utilizing an intermediate virtual focus.

Satoshi Matsuyama, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Takato Inoue

|May 14, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an adaptive X-ray zoom condenser using deformable mirrors. This innovation allows variable numerical aperture (NA) and beam size control without moving components, enhancing X-ray microscopy capabilities.

More Related Videos

Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

Published on: February 12, 2014

Clarifying and Imaging Candida albicans Biofilms

Clarifying and Imaging Candida albicans Biofilms

Published on: March 6, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

Published on: February 12, 2014

Clarifying and Imaging Candida albicans Biofilms

Clarifying and Imaging Candida albicans Biofilms

Published on: March 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
X-ray Science and Technology
Microscopy Instrumentation

Background:

Traditional X-ray condensers often require physical movement of components to adjust numerical aperture (NA) and focus.
Achieving variable NA is crucial for optimizing resolution and flux in X-ray microscopy applications.
Existing systems can be complex, limiting flexibility and increasing experimental setup time.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel extended X-ray adaptive zoom condenser system.
To demonstrate the capability of forming an intermediate virtual focus.
To achieve variable numerical aperture (NA) without altering the physical positions of the light source, mirrors, or final focus.

Main Methods:

The system utilizes two deformable mirrors for single-dimension focusing.
Mirror surface control enables conversion between convex and concave forms.
Varying the intermediate virtual focus position adjusts the system's NA.

Main Results:

A feasibility test was conducted at SPring-8 using a photon energy of 10 keV.
The adaptive zoom condenser successfully varied the X-ray beam size.
Demonstrated beam size variation ranged from 134 nm to 1010 nm.

Conclusions:

The proposed extended X-ray adaptive zoom condenser offers a flexible and efficient method for beam size control.
The system's ability to adjust NA by controlling mirror surfaces simplifies experimental setups.
This technology has significant potential for advancing X-ray microscopy and related imaging techniques.